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US Swine Herd Summary: Disease Problems and Antimicrobial uasge
By USDA NAHMS - In 2000, the USDA???s National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) conducted a study of swine operations within the top 17 pork-producing states. These operations represented 94 percent of the United States swine herd on operations with 100 or more pigs on December 1, 1999. This article provides a summary overview of the reports findings.The following highlights were excerpted from a report released in March 2002, Swine 2000 Part II: Reference of Swine Health and Health Management in the United States, 2000:
- The two health problems reported most often in
breeding herds, regardless of herd size, were
roundworms (40.8 percent of sites) and PRRS
(21.4 percent of sites) (Figure 1).
- The top-three diseases in suckling piglets were
colibacillosis (45.2 percent of sites),
Streptococcus suis (29.8 percent of sites), and
greasy pig disease (25.9 percent of sites).
- The percentages of breeding females receiving
vaccine for mycoplasma, PRRS, or any SIV
were 39.7 percent, 53.5 percent, and 44.1
percent, respectively.
- For sites with breeding females vaccinated for
mycoplasma, 41.3 percent only vaccinated
breeding females prior to entry into the breeding
herd.
- For sites with breeding females vaccinated for
PRRS, 55.5 percent vaccinated breeding females
upon entry into the breeding herd and again
while in the breeding herd.
- Autogenous vaccine was used in 5.6 percent of
breeding females for PRRS, 7.7 percent for SIV
H1N1, and 7.1 percent for SIV H3N2.
- About one-third of the introduced gilts on sites
with less than 500 breeding females were raised
as terminal cross females, compared to 9.4
percent of the replacement gilts on sites
with 500 or more breeding females.
Conversely, 30.9 percent of introduced
gilts on these large sites were from
grandparent herds, compared to less than
8 percent of introduced gilts on smaller
sites with less than 500 breeding females.
- The most prevalent disease problem in
nursery pigs was Streptococcus suis,
regardless of herd size (Figure 2).
Syndrome (PMWS) were 4.4 percent, 10.4 percent, and 20.9 percent for sites with less than 2,000, 2,000 to 9,999, and 10,000 or more total inventory, respectively. - Ileitis was the disease problem most common
on sites with grower/finisher pigs, occurring on
more than one-third (36.9 percent) of all sites
(Figure 3) and reported on 75.0 percent of
large sites (10,000 or more total inventory).
- For sites with weaned market pigs, 60.0
percent did not vaccinate for mycoplasma, 22.3
percent vaccinated just one time for
mycoplasma, and 17.7 percent vaccinated for
mycoplasma two times or more.
- Over 80 percent of sites with 2,000 or more
total inventory (that treated grower/finisher
pigs with antibiotics) recorded some type of
information regarding treatment. Fewer than 60
percent of sites with less than 2,000 total
inventory did so.
- Almost two-thirds of sites with grower/finisher
pigs used some type of injectable antimicrobial
in the previous 6 months, whereas only
one-third of sites administered some type of
antimicrobial in water. Over 88 percent of
sites included some type of antimicrobial in
feed (Figure 4).
- Procaine penicillin G and Tylosin were the
two injectables used most commonly,
primarily for the treatment of respiratory
disease.
- Tylosin, Chlortetracycline, and Bacitracin
were the most common antimicrobials
included in grower/finisher diets.
- For sites with weaned market pigs, over one-fifth used spilt-sex feeding. More than 16 percent of sites raised at least some weaned market pigs in wean-to-finish buildings.
Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health
USDA:APHIS:VS, attn. NAHMS
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. B.,
Fort Collins, CO 80526
(970) 494-7000
NAHMSweb@aphis.usda.gov
www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cahm
Source: USDA National Animal Health Monitoring Service - April 2002
