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Osteomalacia (OM)
(337) Osteomalacia is a condition responsible for the downer sow syndrome. Fractures of the long bones at the mid shaft and fractures of the lumber vertebrae are common, with the sow becoming paraplegic. The condition is due to inadequate levels of calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in the ration. Sometimes sows cannot absorb sufficient micro-nutrients in spite of there being adequate levels in the diet. OM is also associated with immature skeletons, an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D and/or a failure of the sow to consume adequate feed and satisfy her nutritional requirements. Large amounts of calcium and phosphorus are excreted into milk from the bones resulting in weaker less dense bone which predisposes to fractures. Bone mass is also lost due to lack of exercise during confinement in the farrowing crate.Clinical signs
The condition is common in first litter animals and up to 30% of such animals may be affected. The history is one of sudden acute lameness often with the animal completely off its legs. The lameness is usually precipitated when the sow is moved from the farrowing crate, during mixing or when the boar mounts at mating. Other symptoms include a stiff gait, difficulty in rising, discomfort in the hind legs and a dog sitting position.
Diagnosis
This is based upon history clinical signs and examinations.
Treatment
Once OM has developed treatment is of minimal effect although injections of calcium phosphorus and vitamin D may help. If your herd has a problem consider the following:
Management control and prevention
